P01. “Investigating the Effect of Tree Canopy Cover Density on Water Quality”
9:00 – 10:15 | KCC Centrum
Student Author(s): Greta Harmala, Rachel Andersen, Gabriel Hanson, Talon Hoffer
Mentor(s): Dr. Joe Whittaker
Abstract
Trees located near rivers can improve water quality through their ability to form buffer zones with their root systems. These buffer zones work to filter the water coming into the river by removing sediment and other impurities. The immensity of these buffer zones can be estimated through measures of canopy cover density. We sought to test the water quality of Buffalo River by obtaining canopy cover densities of multiple transects within Buffalo River State Park as well as sites near agricultural fields. Water quality was determined at each site through water temperature, pH, and conductivity measurements. The water from each site was also tested for nitrate, ammonia, and phosphate abundance. In contrast to previous research, our results showed there to be no statistically significant correlation between canopy cover and any of the water quality measures taken. However, when comparing water quality between the two types of sites (State Park vs. agriculture), statistically significant differences were found between pH, conductivity, and water temperature. This suggests that runoff from agricultural fields into the river may be negatively impacting the water quality at these sites. It was noted that a rainfall event occurred between data collection days, which could be a contributing factor to the obtained differences.
P02. “Differentiation of Peromyscus leucopus from Peromyscus maniculatus using Salivary Amylase and Cellulose Acetate Electrophoresis”
9:00 – 10:15 | KCC Centrum
Student Author(s): Taylor DeVine, Kelly Lorenz, Amelia Landsverk, Cole Nowacki, Vanessa Petrich, Lauryn Petrich
Mentor(s): Dr. Joe Whittaker
Abstract
White-Footed, (Peromyscus leucopus), and Deer, (Peromyscus maniculatus), mice are morphologically and physiologically differentiable due to the allopatric and sympatric speciation that these two have undergone. Although different, these two species are unreliably differentiated through morphological characteristics. Finding a reliable method to differentiate between the species is important because the mice are carriers of two different pathogens and antigens. Mainly, Peromyscus leucopus carries Lyme Disease while Peromyscus maniculatus carries Hantavirus. Morphological data was taken from cranial measurements, and physical characteristics such as the tail length. In years past this has been adequate to differentiate the two species however, due to overlap in their corresponding habitats over the years this is not as accurate of a measurement. According to literature, these corresponding measurements are able to correctly identify 55% of Peromyscus leucopus species and 66% Peromyscus maniculatus species. Unlike morphological comparisons, cellulose acetate electrophoresis of their salivary amylase is a reliable measurement to differentiate these two species. Saliva samples were collected from restored and remnant prairies, and woodlands in Minnesota from 2004 to 2019, and these saliva samples were run and compared to morphological measurements.
P03. “The Nest Building Habits of Squirrels: An Observational Study on the Heights and Characteristics Common of Squirrel Nests”
9:00 – 10:15 | KCC Centrum
Student Author(s): Amber Eken, McKenna Wangen, Min Khant Han
Mentor(s): Dr. Joe Whittaker
Abstract
We examined various characteristics of squirrels’ nest-building habits, with a focus on whether squirrels build nests at differing heights depending on their location. Squirrels are an essential part of our ecosystem, especially in the way they play a role in seed dispersal for trees (Forget et al., 2005). To aid in the preservation of their habitat, we must first look into the preferred habitats and behaviors of these animals. In this study, we attempted to find the ideal height at which squirrels prefer to build their nests, both in natural and urban settings. The alternative hypothesis was that the squirrel population on campus will build their nests at a lower height on average compared to those populations building nests off campus, while the null hypothesis was that there would be no difference in heights between on and off campus nests. For data collection, we recorded nest height, tree height, tree circumference, number of nests, and tree species containing nests from 15 trees in off campus locations (10 from Buffalo River State Park and 5 from Maplewood State Park) and 15 trees on the campus of Concordia College. We chose the nests at random. We found statistically significant evidence that nests on campus are built at a lower height than those off campus (7.9 compared to 12.1m). However, we also saw evidence that the taller trees are, the higher nests are built. This positive correlation led us to believe that the differential averages of heights of nests may have been due to the off campus locations having taller trees. However, further analysis indicated that despite tree height, nests are still built, on average, 15% higher off campus than at Concordia. A possible reason for this is that there are more natural predators in highly forested areas, and so the squirrels may prefer building higher above the ground. Finally, a large portion of trees containing nests on campus were green ash (9 out of 15), while trees off campus were most commonly maple, oak, or cottonwood. The information of this study may be useful in protecting squirrel populations in the future.
P04. “Undocumented Immigrants: A Benefit to the American Economy”
9:00 – 10:15 | KCC Centrum
Student Author(s): Kylie Brenny
Mentor(s): Dr. Lisa Twomey
Abstract
Undocumented immigrants have been a source of controversy in recent years. Most news articles have the idea that undocumented immigrants are a burden to the U.S. economy. This research project explores the impact undocumented immigrants have on the U.S. economy, specifically the benefits they bring to the American economy in three key areas: supplementing the labor force, lowering consumer prices, and contributing to the American tax system and social welfare programs. This research project looked at the information discovered in previous studies about undocumented immigrants to collect the data needed. It was found that undocumented immigrants contribute to American job growth by upwards of 40% in some sectors, lower the price of consumer goods, and contribute approximately seven billion dollars to Social Security every year. Based on the information gained from the research, this study challenges the belief that undocumented immigrants are hindering the American economy.
P05. “Vietnamese Food Cultural in Fargo through the Lens of Local Restaurants”
9:00 – 10:15 | KCC Centrum
Student Author(s): Claire Hank
Mentor(s): Dr. Elna Solvang
Abstract
The framework for my project is the history of Vietnamese immigration to the Midwest and, in particular, Fargo to create a timeline of Vietnamese restaurants. This framework will give a much-needed background to my topic which is the history of Vietnamese food culture in Fargo through the lens of restaurants and their connection to the local Vietnamese community as well as the larger Fargo-Moorhead Community. In addition, I will be using scholarly articles and journals to bluster my framework and have interviews with the owners of two prominent Vietnamese restaurants here in Fargo: Le’s Banh Mis and Pho’deloius to give contests on the current history and importance of Vietnamese restaurants in Fargo. This piece aims to show how food adapts and becomes part of the local cuisine.
P06. “Gardens and the Community”
9:00 – 10:15 | KCC Centrum
Student Author(s): Kyle Little
Mentor(s): Dr. Joe Whittaker
Abstract
The art of growing gardens was invented more than 4,000 years ago in Egypt, mainly for the wealthy class of individuals during that time. However, gardening has recently grown into one of the largest hobbies in the United States and around the world. Last summer, I was a student intern at Concordia’s organic garden and high tunnel on campus, otherwise known as the “Cornucopia”. Through that work, I learned many valuable techniques used in modern gardening, especially regarding organic gardening. Although I had previous experience with gardening with my parents when I was a child, I was to learn organic gardening techniques, along with an understanding of the sustainability that comes with growing a garden. Other skills learned included developing an irrigation system for the high tunnel, building a compost system, and planting pollinator species around the outside of the garden. While I worked there, I realized that a garden such as this contributes to the health of a community. Community gardens could be located throughout the Fargo-Moorhead area and would help to limit food deserts found in especially urban impoverished areas. Through the Cornucopia, we were able to donate food to both the Cobber Food Pantry and the Dorothy Day Food Pantry. My garden internship was an enriching experience for me, and I hope to spread awareness of the importance of gardening to developing resilience and self-reliance in our communities.
P07. “Gardening With Local Detention Center Youth: An Interfaith Approach to Social Justice”
9:00 – 10:15 | KCC Centrum
Student Author(s): Ashley Adams
Mentor(s): Dr. Michelle Lelwica, Dr. Anne Mocko
Abstract
This project serves as an Interfaith Studies practicum that involves a two-part experience: a practical activist outreach and subsequent intellectual reflection via research and discussion under the guidance of Dr. Michelle Lelwica and Dr. Anne Mocko. The purpose of this integrative project is to place interfaith studies in conversation with social justice work. I have been spending this semester reflecting upon my several month intentional learning experience as a social and ecological justice gardening intern in collaboration with Concordia College and the West Central Regional Juvenile Center. As a mentor, I observed the consequences of juvenile incarceration, including effects on mental health, education, familial structures, and notably in its continued perpetuation of systemic injustices and emphasis of an unequal distribution of power in the justice system. Now, I have been utilizing a variety of scholarly sources and conversations with my faculty advisors to gain a greater understanding of the intersections between incarceration, inequality, power, and religion. While the initial practical component of the project leaned more heavily on social justice, this semester of reflection has been highlighting the power of interfaith activism to reduce cultural, social, and socioeconomic barriers and to assist in potential conflict resolution. This work has been helping me to confront the social inequalities the world faces today, to understand how religious and cultural diversity operate within structures of power, and to make genuine human connections across major boundaries.
P08. “Microplastic Abundance in the Topsoil”
9:00 – 10:15 | KCC Centrum
Student Author(s): Morgan Kommer, Amelia Bjorklund, Dustin Traffie, Lydia Durrett
Mentor(s): Dr. Joe Whittaker
Abstract
Microplastics are an important area of research due to the increasing amount of plastic circulating on Earth, and the negative implications these plastics have on both land and water. For this project, the research focus was on microplastic abundance within the topsoil of several areas in the Red River Valley. Microplastic abundance within the topsoil was measured in respect to increasing distance from the Red River. Three sites were created with varying distance from the edge of the river (3m, 25m, 50m); three samples were then taken at each site. The separate samples from each site would be combined to give three total counts to be tabulated. To view the microplastics, the soil was sifted and put through a filtration system, and was then viewed under a dissecting microscope. As distance increased from the river bed, the total plastic count at each site decreased. The number of identifiable microplastic filaments found in 20 g of soil sample between each site went as follows: Site 1 yielded a total count of 7, Site 2 yielded a total count of 6, and Site 3 yielded a total count of 3. This was consistent with our original hypothesis. Statistical analysis was run and the R2 value came out to be 0.92; however, the data proved to be insignificant (p-value of 0.1789).
P09. “High Island Lake Assessment”
9:00 – 10:15 | KCC Centrum
Student Author(s): Mickalyn Frahm
Mentor(s): Dr. Michael Bush
Abstract
High Island Lake is found in New Auburn Township of Sibley County, Minnesota. This lake is part of High Island Creek Watershed, which covers about 245 miles of land in Sibley, McLeod, and Renville counties in southern Minnesota. High Island Lake is located within the Western Corn Belt Plains of Minnesota, and like many other lakes in this region, is suffering from poor water quality and clarity. This portion of Minnesota is a huge agricultural region, and the push for agriculture and farming has resulted in draining much of water resources in Sibley County. Due to high agricultural activity and water drainage, the water quality and clarity of this lake have been severely impacted in the past twenty years due to pollution, runoff, and elevated levels of nutrient loading. High Island Lake is most notable for its shallow depth, averaging at 5.5 feet and maximum depth at just above eight feet, which also leads to its vulnerability to ditching, draining, degradation, and pollution. There have been several management plans to improve water quality and water levels of the lake. Minnesota’s DNR, SWCD, and MPCA members and officials have worked diligently to help maintain water levels and improve the quality and clarity of the lake, and there are currently efforts to build a new dam to reestablish water levels of the lake. The public remains hopeful that the new dam build will bring balance to the ecosystem by reestablishing water levels and biodiversity within High Island Lake.
P10. “Maintaining the Water Quality of the Del Clark Reservoir: My Internship Experience with the NRCS in Marshall, MN”
9:00 – 10:15 | KCC Centrum
Student Author(s): Angeline Bahe
Mentor(s): Kelly Heather and Joe DeSchepper, USDA
Abstract
The Del Clark Reservoir in Canby, MN is a 156-acre man made lake located within the Lac qui Parle River Watershed. The reservoir hosts Stonehill Park, a county park which has a campground, swimming beach, and fishery, making it a hotspot for recreational use. The reservoir is the only assessed body of water in the watershed that has water quality good enough to meet the standards for aquatic recreation. In order to maintain the water quality of the reservoir, three control structures, or dams, were constructed in upstream tributaries in the summer of 2021. The reservoirs were funded by a Clean Water Fund grant from Minnesota’s Land and Legacy Amendment. Before construction began, the sites were surveyed using a Trimble R8 receiver on a 6.625 foot pole with a handheld Trimble TSC 3, and elevation of the surveyed areas was mapped out using CAD software. The sites were then staked where construction would occur. During the construction process, the engineering technician with Area 2 Minnesota River Basin Projects inspected and monitored the construction process. When construction was complete, the site was seeded with a tame grasses and forbs seed mix. With the three new sediment retention basins from the constructed dams, approximately 240 pounds of phosphorus and 2,700 tons of sediment will be reduced annually in the tributaries that flow into the Del Clark Reservoir.
P11. “The Role of Grouping via Spatial Regularities between Objects in Visual Working Memory”
9:00 – 10:15 | KCC Centrum
Student Author(s): Liliana Cannella, Anh Pham, Kaiah Sotebeer
Mentor(s): Dr. Dwight Peterson
Abstract
Visual working memory (VWM) is a cognitive system allowing for brief storage of information. Despite playing a role in many other cognitive processes, VWM is limited to storing ~3-4 items at a given time. Given these capacity constraints, researchers have examined whether principles of perceptual organization can be leveraged to improve VWM capacity. For instance, similarity of color, proximity between objects, and illusory contours are several grouping cues that have been shown to improve VWM performance (Peterson & Berryhill, 2013; Woodman et al., 2003; Gao et al., 2016). Notably, these organizational principles rely on lower-level visual features and objects. However, recent work has highlighted the importance of examining grouping cues between real-world objects. For instance, spatial regularity between objects (e.g., a mirror appearing above a sink) also improves VWM performance (Kaiser et al., 2015). The goal of the current study was to replicate and extend these recent findings. Participants performed a change detection task during which either 2 or 3 spatially regular (e.g., mirror over sink) or spatially irregular (e.g., sink over mirror) object pairs were presented during the study phase of each trial. After a brief delay, a single object pair appeared, and participants decided whether the object pair had been presented earlier during the study phase. Overall, VWM performance was higher during trials in which only 2 object pairs were presented compared to 3 object pairs. Moreover, accuracy trended higher for object pairs which were grouped via spatial regularity cues relative to object pairs which were spatially irregular.
P12. “Localization of Neurite Outgrowth Inhibitor (NOGO) Protein in the Rat Supraoptic Nucleus”
9:00 – 10:15 | KCC Centrum
Student Author(s): Emma Allen, Zaynab Said, Fatma Fatouh
Mentor(s): Dr. Jason Askvig
Abstract
We are investigating the absence of axonal sprouting following unilateral lesion of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial tract in a 125-day-old rat compared to the sprouting response that occurs in a younger, 35-day-old rat. NOGO (neurite outgrowth inhibitor) is a myelin-associated protein with three isoforms (NOGO-A, NOGO-B, and NOGO-C), but only NOGO-A and -B are expressed within the nervous system. Research has demonstrated that NOGO-A prevents axonal outgrowth. Thus, we hypothesized that there would be more NOGO-A protein in the 125-day rat supraoptic nucleus (SON). Western blots were preformed to determine concentration of each NOGO isoform in 35-day rat SON vs. 125-day rat SON. We found significantly less NOGO-A protein in the 125-day rat SON compared to the 35-day rat SON. It is unclear why NOGO-A protein levels decrease in the older rat SON, but we have found reports indicating that NOGO protein decreases with age. More recently, we have extended our studies to determine the cellular localization of NOGO-A and -B and the NOGO-receptor in the SON. Dual-label immunofluorescence demonstrated that the NOGO-A and -B isoforms co-localize with neuronal staining in the SON, while NOGO-receptor co-localizes with neurons and astrocytes.
P13. “Cholinergic Receptor Blockade Impairs Spatial Memory Retrieval and Minimizes Retrieval-Induced Alterations in Matrix Metalloproteinase-9”
9:00 – 10:15 | KCC Centrum
Student Author(s): Megan Blatti, Bretton Badenoch
Mentor(s): Dr. Mikel Olson
Abstract
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is associated with a loss of cholinergic function, and the basal forebrain cholinergic system remains the most common target of pharmaceutical treatments for AD. Recently, some have argued that AD may be best characterized as a deficit of memory retrieval; however, research reports investigating the role of the cholinergic system in memory retrieval are often confounded by the fact that they utilize experimental methodologies that fail to fully isolate the retrieval process from acquisition and consolidation processes. Utilizing a methodology which isolates spatial memory retrieval in the Morris water maze, we show that the central administration of the cholinergic antagonist scopolamine reliably impairs the retrieval of previously consolidated spatial memories. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is a zinc-dependent endopeptidase that regulates the extracellular matrix as well as several other substrates implicated in memory. Using immunoblotting and gelatin zymography, we show that modifications in hippocampal MMP-9 expression are associated with spatial memory retrieval. Further, we provide evidence that the cholinergic system is an important regulator of some of these retrieval-induced changes in MMP-9. These results further elucidate the well-established and important role of MMP-9 in learning and memory and indicate a possible connection between the cholinergic dysfunction and MMP-9 dysregulation that is commonly seen in AD.
P14. “Richard Allen: An Anti-Racist Activist”
9:00 – 10:15 | KCC Centrum
Student Author(s): Alex Backes, Brady Schmidt
Mentor(s): Dr. Richard Chapman
Abstract
We propose a research poster examining antiracism in the career of Richard Allen (1760-1831), founder of the African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church in the early American republic. Historian of racist ideas in America, Ibram X Kendi (2016), views anti-racism as individual and collective action to challenge and change discriminatory policies and practices that create racial disparities. Richard Allen’s remarkable career as a clergyman, activist, and community leader offers a prime opportunity to apply Kendi’s anti-racist principles in the immediate context of the early republic focusing on the important urban center of Philadelphia. We anticipate reaching an audience eager to learn more about individuals like Allen who shaped the course of United States history through anti-racist activism. Richard Allen provides a sound case study to inform the public of antiracism’s importance to achieving racial justice in the country’s past and in the present.
P15. “Henrietta Wood: A New Tale of Slave Resistance and Antiracism”
9:00 – 10:15 | KCC Centrum
Student Author(s): Samuel Koppendrayer, Olivia Koziol
Mentor(s): Dr. Richard Chapman
Abstract
Anti-Racism is a term brought forth by Ibrham Kendi to describe people who participate in challenging racist ideas and changing racist policies. One person who encompasses this concept is Henrietta Wood, who was born a slave in Kentucky in 1818 and died in 1912. Wood was granted her freedom from slavery in Ohio in 1848. Henrietta was captured back into slavery by the trickery of Zebulon Ward and others, a practice that was common at the time. Due to the unfair nature of being stolen back into slavery, Wood sued Ward for $20,000 in reparations in front of an all-white jury. She was the first slave to ever accomplish this feat. Wood’s courageous action and her rare achievement make her story compelling and deserving a wider audience nowadays.
P16. “The Fatphobic Oppression of Women: An Interdisciplinary Review”
9:00 – 10:15 | KCC Centrum
Student Author(s): Britney Freund, Janell Boyum, Molly Hacker
Mentor(s): Dr. Michelle Lelwica
Abstract
The research we conducted for our final paper in the class Religion, Race and Social Justice focuses on the oppression of women who are classified as overweight or obese according to perceived religious, health, and educational standards. Negative interpretations of traditional Christian narratives that promote fear of bodily appetites have implicitly contributed to the fat phobia that is rampant in the US today; fortunately, the Health At Every Size (HAES) movement provides perspectives and practices that can help counteract and heal the negative physical and mental impacts of this fear and the shame it creates. Our research process involved using a collection of scholarly articles and books from various disciplines. These sources addressed specific negative Christian interpretations that have contributed to fat phobia, the effects of fat phobia on healthcare utilization and treatment, and HAES-based interventions for physical education curricula. We discovered that fatphobic attitudes of healthcare providers, originating from negative biblical interpretations, can result in the mistreatment and misdiagnosis of overweight patients, reluctance in healthcare utilization, and health complications. We hypothesize that implementing a HAES approach into the curricula of all schools would reduce the prevalence of fat phobia and its discrimination in the United States. Current educational practices promote fat phobia for both students and teachers. HAES, created by the Association for Size Diversity and Health (ASDAH), promotes a research-based, weight-neutral perspective that uses behaviors rather than weight as an indication of health status.
P17. “Gaudí’s Immortal Façade”
09:00 – 10:15 | KCC Centrum
Student Author(s): Raquel Egge
Mentor(s): Dr. Lisa Twomey
Abstract
Through unique architecture, Antoni Gaudí portrays Catalan modernism through a plethora of geometry, symmetry, and three dimensional figures. This project conveys the significance of nature in Antoni Gaudí’s famous works, but more specifically in an example where his ideas were brought to life: Casa Batlló. I will be conducting research through academic journals to study Casa Batlló in more detail and to learn of Gaudi’s inspiration for the creation. Many motives played a role in designing Casa Batlló, a major one being the marine world. Casa Batlló is a specialized conglomerate of colors, shapes, and materials.
P18. “The Effects of German Colonialism on Past and Present Cameroon”
9:00 – 10:15 | KCC Centrum
Student Author(s): Treyton Zeltinger
Mentor(s): Dr. Jonathan Clark
Abstract
In 1884, Cameroon became a protectorate of the German empire. This presentation will attempt to understand the effects of German colonial efforts, both past and present, in Cameroon. The poster will present information on Cameroon as a German colony, the conflicts that arose out of that time, and the heritage of that short experience. This includes the “Anglophone problem” the continuing French influence, Germany’s continued influence on Cameroon, and the voices today that are trying to provide a more balanced narrative in Germany and Cameroon. To support this thesis, I will use books, articles, and online sources.
P19. “The Impact of German Colonization on Togoland”
9:00 – 10:15 | KCC Centrum
Student Author(s): Anna Nordling
Mentor(s): Dr. Jonathan Clark
Abstract
Togoland, now the modern-day countries of Togo and Ghana, was a German colony from 1884 to 1919 located in Western Africa. This presentation will provide general information about Togoland, as well as discuss the impacts that the colonization of it had on Germany, Togo and Ghana, and the world today. More specifically, this work will consider the racist underpinnings of German colonization and how racism still informs contemporary perceptions today in Germany and how new narratives are addressing that legacy. This discussion will be put together through extensive research, using primary and secondary sources, on geography, important dates, major actors, exports/imports, challenges, the legacy that is seen today, and the imprint that the colony left on the modern world. The goal of this project will be to create insight into how Germany played its part in the development of modern-day culture and ideals through the colonization of Togoland.
P20. “Gold, Riches and Racism: The Narratives of German Colonialism”
9:00 – 10:15 | KCC Centrum
Student Author(s): Stormi Buster
Mentor(s): Dr. Jonathan Clark
Abstract
This presentation will explore the narratives which fed into the German colonial efforts of the late-19th and early-20th Centuries in Africa and Asia. With the promise of gold, riches and other exotic materials, and a desire to compete with other colonial powers, Germany began its journey to colonize. However, the conditions which allowed for this colonizing effort began much earlier: in earlier colonial attempts, in racial theories and ideologies, and in the science of eugenics. In addition to investigating the pre-colonial narratives, this presentation will also provide information on the Berlin Congo Conference of 1884 and the areas affected by German colonialism. Finally, this presentation will highlight the voices of this colonial heritage.
P21. “Restorative Justice: An Analysis of School Funding, Inequity, and Racial Injustice in United States Public Schools”
9:00 – 10:15 | KCC Atrium
Student Author(s): Abigail LaDuke, Dawit Gebreab, Danielle Ginther, Lucas Burr
Mentor(s): Dr. Michelle Lelwica
Abstract
In the United States, inequitable school funding and an increase in the use of the “zero tolerance policy” and school resource officers create negative learning environments, especially in impoverished schools. This project examines these systemic problems and proposes solutions such as alternative school funding methods (e.g. Guaranteed Tax Base formula) and proper implementation of restorative justice programs. School environments are a major factor in students’ success, evaluated by graduation rates and academic achievement, and these environments are shaped by the wealth (or lack thereof) of the outside community, based on business and property ownership and taxes. Given research suggesting that impoverished schools tend to dedicate more funding to creating a policing environment, which tends to only exacerbate student disciplinary and legal troubles, we advocate a revision to how schools are funded, how resources are allocated, and how student disciplinary issues are addressed including the use of a restorative justice approach. We have compiled academic sources written by experts in the fields of sociology, social justice, education, African-America studies, and legislation to compose a research paper on the subject which will provide a basis of information for our presentation. Our research and analysis reveals that the “zero tolerance policy” and increased school resource officers tend to result in higher student drop-out rates and higher rates of academic suspensions. Effective restorative justice programs can help create more productive learning environments for students and increase academic participation.
P22. “The Beginning of an Elementary School Year in First, Second, and Third Grade”
9:00 – 10:15 | KCC Atrium
Student Author(s): Natalie Amon
Mentor(s): Dr. Teri Langlie
Abstract
Setting expectations and creating class communities are just two of the components to work on during the beginning of the school year to have a successful year. The beginning of a new school year is a crucial time for educators, especially educators in an elementary setting. To conduct this research, I interviewed three educators, one teaching first grade, one teaching second grade, and one teaching third grade. I read The First Six Weeks by Responsive Classroom and compared what the educators I interviewed do and what was suggested in The First Six Weeks. The results are that the time spent planning and working on expectations during the beginning of the year help make the school year more successful.
P23. “Researching and Designing an Apparatus for Dynamic Light Scattering”
9:00 – 10:15 | KCC Atrium
Student Author(s): Sarah Shepherd
Mentor(s): Dr. James Lee
Abstract
Dynamic light scattering theory conceptualizes the external structure of micro- and nano-sized samples along with the interactions of the samples and their environment. This is done through the analysis of angular refractions of laser light; it is based on the relationship between the angle and the intensity of the refraction. Through research into dynamic light scattering theory, testing and redesigning, parts were created for an apparatus to be later used in dynamic light scattering experiments. Many aspects of these parts were considered for the experimental design. Including the consideration of magnetic properties of the materials used for the parts and the set up for cases of future experimentation.
P24. “Development of a High-Yielding Technique for the Synthesis of a Functionalized Pyridine Building Block of GB22”
9:00 – 10:15 | KCC Atrium
Student Author(s): Leo Smith
Mentor(s): Dr. Eleanor Landwehr, Scripps
Abstract
The bark of Galbulimima belgraveana rainforest trees in Papua New Guinea is commonly ingested by indigenous peoples to induce hallucinations and relieve pain. From this bark, 29 different Galbulimima (GB) alkaloids have been isolated and categorized into four distinct classes. One of these alkaloids, himbacine, is a potential therapeutic for Alzheimer’s disease since it is a known muscarinic receptor antagonist. The rest of these alkaloids have unknown biological properties, and one goal of synthetic chemists is therefore to develop synthesis routes for GB alkaloids to facilitate biological investigation. In particular, GB22, a class III GB alkaloid, could serve as an entry point to other GB alkaloids and is a prime target for synthesis. A key building block of GB22 is siloxycyclopropane, where previous work has synthesized this building block with a costly Michael addition pyridine synthesis step that has less than 20% yield. To improve access to siloxycyclopropane and ultimately GB22, a more efficient synthesis route must be devised. In this work, we present a new synthesis route that instead relies on pyridine substitution onto 2-chloro-6-methylnicotinic acid, a common and inexpensive pyridine-containing molecule. Key reactions that were optimized in this work include Suzuki cross-coupling allylation and Kulinkovich cyclopropanol formation, both of which now exceed 60% yield. By rendering pyridine synthesis via Michael addition unnecessary, this work highlights the development and optimization of a highly efficient siloxycyclopropane synthesis route which improves access to a key GB22 building block.
P25. “Evaluating Prairie Restoration Success through Small Mammal Community Analysis”
9:00 – 10:15 | KCC Atrium
Student Author(s): Olivia Vergin, Faith James, Zachary Buchholz
Mentor(s): Dr. Joe Whittaker
Abstract
As urban expansion converted wildlife habitats into agricultural and industrial land, native prairie lands were reduced to 1% of their original area. This increased habitat fragmentation and disrupted species dynamics and populations. Small mammals are vital to prairie ecosystems because they consume plant material and invertebrates, disperse seeds, and provide a source of food for larger species. Trapping of remnant and restored prairies provides data on small mammal density and diversity. Comparing population data between remnant and restored prairies can inform successful management and restoration practices. We trapped small mammals in various remnant and restored prairies in northwestern Minnesota from 2012 to 2021 with the goal to compare small mammal species diversity as well as to monitor populations of rare species. We hypothesized that there would be a difference in species diversity between restored and remnant prairies. We set two to three grids with 50 traps (alternating Small Sherman, Large Sherman, and Longworth) per grid. When a mammal was captured, we identified species, sex, and mass, and then marked for recapture. We collected body measurements and saliva samples from Peromyscus species for species identification. Our data analysis includes Simpson’s Reciprocal Diversity Index, population trends, and species comparisons between restored and remnant prairies. Through our prairie surveys, we document occurrences of critically rare species, such as Perognathus flavescens and Onychomys leucogaster. Our findings will help inform future management decisions.
P26. “Functional Determination of 3B7F”
9:00 – 10:15 | KCC Atrium
Student Author(s): Mustafa Ahmad, Kiley Schroeder
Mentor(s): Dr. Julie Mach
Abstract
The Protein Structure Initiative (PSI) worked from 2000-2015 to compile a structural biology database. This database contains over 4000 proteins with known structure and many with unknown function. Research took place on protein 3B7F which has a known structure and unknown function. Using the bioinformatic tools of Blast, PyMol, Pfam, Dali, and Autodocking, the classification of 3B7F was deduced to that of a hydrolase. Furthermore, research was moved to the lab to confirm the results concluded from the bioinformatics research. In the lab, 3B7F was purified and its predicted function will be investigated through enzyme assays. The results of these experiments confirmed the hypothesis that 3B7F is a hydrolase. Knowing the function of the protein will allow for future research into the importance of the role that 3B7F plays in living organisms.
P27. “Effects of Campus Light Pollution on Nighttime Wildlife”
9:00 – 10:15 | KCC Atrium
Student Author(s): Melanie Borysewicz, Carrie Voss, Kurt Manning, Greta Leines
Mentor(s): Dr. Jennifer Sweatman
Abstract
Artificial light, deemed as any light originating from a source other than the sun, the moon, stars or other non-anthropogenic sources, has been used by people to see, to attract, and to entertain. While it has provided varied benefits to human activity, it also has effects on the environment, many of which remain unknown. The greatest source of artificial light at night (ALAN) is light that is sent directly upward into the night sky. The light posts on Concordia’s campus are designed in such a way that they emit significantly more ALAN than standard streetlights used by the city of Moorhead. Additionally, the density of lights on campus is notably higher in comparison to the density of lights in the rest of Moorhead. This results in lights at Concordia putting a disproportionately high amount of light into the night sky and its effects on night time aerial predators. The aim of this paper is to address this problem, quantify the difference in ALAN emissions, propose solutions to be implemented on Concordia’s campus in the form of a policy, and identify a funding source for this project.
P28. “Comparison of Commercial and Polymerized Ionic Liquid Coatings in Determining Phthalate Esters using Solid-Phase Microextraction”
9:00 – 10:15 | KCC Atrium
Student Author(s): Aaron Oakes
Mentor(s): Dr. Mark Jensen
Abstract
Phthalate esters, or phthalates, are plasticizers used to make plastics flexible. Phthalates are endocrine disruptors, and therefore interfere with hormones in the body. These compounds are also an environmental concern because they break down quite slowly and are very common in industry. This has caused the need to detect phthalates in smaller concentrations. Solid-Phase Microextraction, or SPME, is a sample preparation method used to concentrate samples prior to analysis therefore giving a greater signal response. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is an analytical method used to separate and quantify several compounds in a solution. This project explores the difference between commercial and Polymerized Ionic Liquid (PIL) coated SPME fibers and blades in their ability to preconcentrate six phthalates for HPLC analysis. These are dimethyl, diethyl, benzylbutyl, dibutyl, diethylhexyl, and di-n-octyl phthalate. Samples were prepared using a commercial and a PIL SPME fiber, then analyzed via HPLC. Regression curves, limits of detection, extraction efficiencies, and %RSD were calculated for each fiber for each of the six phthalates. Results show that the PIL fiber had much poorer extraction efficiencies than the commercial fiber due to a poor match in polarity between the analytes and polymer coating. Interestingly, limits of detection indicate that, despite a lower signal response, the PIL fiber extraction was more reproducible than that of the commercial fiber for diethyl and benzylbutyl phthalate. This indication is shown more clearly in the %RSD values. Directions for further research are also discussed.
P29. “Using Heart Rate Variability and Subjective Indicators Among In-Season Division-III Basketball Players”
9:00 – 10:15 | KCC Atrium
Student Author(s): Shane Bernhardson
Mentor(s): Dr. Nathan Dicks
Abstract
Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is the time between R-R intervals, giving us insight into autonomic nervous systems between parasympathetic or sympathetic states. Daily monitoring of HRV can help guide training and optimize performance. The purpose of the study was to see how collecting daily HRV and resting heart rate (HR) along with subjective questionnaire responses can be used to compile a dashboard to monitor the balance between training and games to optimize performance and recovery. Participants (n=10, age= 20.3 ¬± 0.9 years, height= 186.7 ¬± 4.2 cm, 83.8 ¬± 6 kg) for five weeks completed a daily orthostatic test using a Polar watch (Vantage V2, Finland) and heart rate monitor (H10, Finland) and a questionnaire on subjective measures on a scale 1-5. The results from the orthostatic test for game days to non-game days yielded resting HR of 55 ¬± 7.26 bpm and 54 ¬± 8.03 bpm (t= 0.556, p=0.579) and HRV of 111 ± 43.94 ms and 113 ± 43.58 ms (t= -0.15, p= 0.88) respectively, showing no significance between game days and non-game days. Using HRV and HR testing and a subjective questionnaire can help athletes and teams as a reference guide to help optimize performance and readiness.
P30. “Family Needs Assessment: Implementing Interactive Teaching Strategies to Improve Nutritional Knowledge”
9:00 – 10:15 | KCC Atrium
Student Author(s): Lauren Zanotti, Allison O’Kane, Michael Johnson
Mentor(s): Dr. Tally Tinjum
Abstract
According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) one in five children and adolescents in the United States have obesity (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021). As part of their professional role, pediatric nurses have an obligation to educate their patients and family based on their needs. Therefore, nurses need to be aware of the developmental age and needs of the children in order for the teaching to be beneficial. As part of the theory component of Nursing 462: Family Nursing II, we completed a project which began with a comprehensive assessment of a family with school aged children. During the assessment, we identified priority areas of education for the family, and based on those priorities, developed a developmentally appropriate teaching intervention for the family. From our assessment, the family identified nutritional education as an area that would be a benefit to them. We created a one-time, comprehensive, and developmentally appropriate educational session for this family that focused on nutrition and healthy food choices. To engage all members, three activities were developed and implemented. Immediate feedback and approximately 4-6 weeks after the educational session included the mother highlighting the impact the educational session has had on their family, especially the children, who are now adhering to healthier food selections and thoughtful decisions around nutrition, compared to before the teaching session. This fun hands on activity allows for school-aged children to put together meals while learning how different foods benefit their bodies.
P31. “Comparisons of Key Illnesses and Healthcare Systems in México, Ecuador, and the U.S.”
9:00 – 10:15 | KCC Atrium
Student Author(s): Anna Nichols, Rosa Nunez
Mentor(s): Karin Hillstrom
Abstract
With our project we are looking to see if the cause of sickness is similar or different in México, Ecuador, and the U.S. We will also be investigating what’s causing the sickness and what can be improved to decrease it. We also want to look at their healthcare system and how it works towards their illnesses. Background of the key illnesses in the countries and their healthcare systems: 1) Mexico: The healthcare system is underfunded and inadequately organized to meet the needs of its population considering increasing longevity and the growing challenges created by the prevalence of noncommunicable diseases such as diabetes, obesity, heart disease, and cancer. 2) Ecuador: Its healthcare system reflects this, as the general mortality rate, according to the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), is 4.1 per 1,000 inhabitants. Some of the greatest health problems in Ecuador today include malnutrition, diabetes and heart disease, which is the leading cause of death. 3) USA: High cost is the primary reason that prevents Americans from accessing health care services. The increased costs of medical services occur due to the rise of chronic diseases, including obesity. Heart disease is the leading cause of death for both men and women. This is the case in the U.S. and worldwide. More than half of all people who die due to heart disease are men. As for further research, we will be looking into the department of health websites for more information on how their systems work, as well as for reliable and accurate statistics.
P32. “Alternative Medicine in Peru”
9:00 – 10:15 | KCC Atrium
Student Author(s): Greta Larson, Ashley Olson-Enamorado
Mentor(s): Karin Hillstrom
Abstract
The significance of researching alternative medicine is to demonstrate the reliance that people have on pharmaceutical practices in contrast to indigenous practices. The research collected for this report will consist mainly of case studies and peer reviewed data. The research found on alternative medicines could lead to greater increase of awareness/knowledge of indigenous practices. If people were more aware of the natural medicines of indigenous peoples, they could become less reliant on pharmaceuticals. There are many alternative medicines used in indigenous cultures. The region which we have chosen to focus on is Peru. A couple of the natural indigenous practices from this area include Uña de Gato and Ayahuasca. Uña de gato is a vine native to South America. It is used for conditions such as gastric and inflammatory disorders. It is a dietary supplement for diverticulitis, colitis, ulcers, and many other infections. Ayahuasca is a brew that is made from the leaves of Psychotria viridis shrub and Banisteriopsis. The plant has antidepressant properties that can promote production of neurons. Pharmaceuticals represent about 15-20 percent of the total health sector expenditures in Peru. This is much lower when compared to other countries. The healthcare system in Peru is organized so that all citizens have free health services. There continues to be a lack of facilities in remote areas, especially for communities of indigenous heritage. With 45% of the population being indigenous, traditional medicine continues to have a large impact on health practices. Our final presentation will include a review of the literature, research design, methods to carry out the research process, results, and research findings.